Cost-Effective Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems with Hybrid Atomic Orbital and Binary Light Spectrum Algorithms

This study investigates the operational performance of off-grid power supply systems incorporating renewable energy sources (RES) and storage technologies. Four system configurations single RES, double RES, single storage, and double storage are evaluated under two scenarios. A hybrid pumped battery backup system (HPBS) is proposed, where pumped hydro storage (PHS) addresses high energy fluctuations, and batteries manage minor imbalances. To optimize the system design, a hybrid Atomic Orbital Search Algorithm integrated with the Binary Light Spectrum Optimizer (AOSA-BLSO) is employed. The results indicate that self-discharge notably impacts energy cost (13% 50%) due to oversized RE generation compared to storage capacity. Among the configurations, solar-wind-PHS is the most economical, while solar-wind-HPBS offers superior reliability. Sensitivity analysis confirms the added flexibility and effectiveness of combining PHS and battery storage. The proposed optimization approach achieved 98% efficiency and reduced costs by 4000k, outperforming existing techniques. The study highlights HPBS as vital for cost-effective, reliable off-grid RE systems.